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My Exam notes ON
Foundation Exam 1D0-410
HOME Course # 4

Network fundamentals

CHAPTER # 4

TCP/IP Architecture

Internet architecture

OSI Reference Model vs Internet architecture

OSI/RM Internet Architecture Equivalent
Application
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Transportation
Network
Internet
Data Link
Data access
Physical

In Detail

Application Layer
  • This layer interacts with the Transport layer to send and receive data.

Transport Layer

 This layer receives data from the Application layer and provides flow of data between two hosts using the following protocols
  • TCP
  • UDP

Internet Layer
  • A packet received from the Transport layer is encapsulated in an IP packet.
  • Based on the host address information this layer does the routing.
  • Protocols used are
    • IP
    • ICMP
    • IGMP
    • ARP
    • RARP

Network Access Layer
  • The network layer accepts datagrams from the higher layers and transmits them over the network.
  • This layer usually consists of
    • OS device drive
    • NIC

Request For Comments (RFC)

  • Published documents about the standardized Internet protocols and those in various states.
  • IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force.
  • IESG - Internet Engineering Steering Group.
  • A protocol before become a standard has to pass though the following stages as recommended by by the IESG.
    • Experimental.
    • Proposed
    • Draft.
  • An obsolete protocol is called as HISTORIC.
  • A protocol developed out side IETF/IESG is called as INFORMATIONAL.

Internet Protocols

Network Access Layer
Depends on technologies used.

Internet Layer
IP

RFC 791

STD 5
  • Internet Protocol
  • This is the basic data transfer protocol.
  • It performs routing.
  • IP defines how Gateways & routers are to process the data.
ICMP

RFC 792

STD 5
  • Internet Control Message Protocol
  • It is a trouble shooting protocol to TCP/IP.
  • If a problem exists in the TCP/IP network a ICMP will be generated.

IGMP

RFC 1112

STD 5
  • Internet Group Management Protocol
  • This protocol allows users to join and maintain multicast groups

 

ARP

RFC 826

STD 37
  • Address Resolution Protocol.
  • It translates Internet address to physical address.

 

RARP

RFC 903

STD 38
  • Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
  • It uses nodes hardware address to request the IP address.

Transportation layer

 

TCP

RFC 793

STD 7
  • Transport Control Protocol
  • Ensures that the data is delivered to the destination in sequence without duplication

 

UDP

RFC 768

STD 6
  • User Datagram Protocol.

Application Layer
HTTP

RFC 1945 & 2068
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
  • This is used to transfer a web page from the server to the client in a TCP/IP n/w.
FTP

RFC 959

STD 9
  • File Transfer Protocol.
  • Used to transfer big files between computer in a TCP/IP n/w.
TELNET

RFC 854 & 855

STD 8
  • Used to logon and run programs from a remote system.
NNTP
 RFC 977
  • The News Network Transfer Protocol.
  • Used to contact a NNTP server to read and post news.
GOPHER
 RFC 1436
  • Used to contact the gopher site to retrieve information
SMTP

RFC 821

STD 10
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
  • Used to transfer mails from one computer to another.
SNMP

RFC 1157

STD 15
  • Simple Network Management Protocol.
  • Used to manage TCP/IP n/w.
DNS

RFC 1034 & 1035

STD 13
  • Domain Name System
  • This translates the host address to IP address.
BOOTP

RFC 951 1497 & 2162
  • Bootsrap Protocol.
DHCP
 RFC 2131  

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All the materials posted in this site are from my exam notes.They are correct best to the author's knowledge. The author disclaim any responsibility of liability for any direct or indirect damages occurred due the use of it. All product names and services posted are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective Companies.

 

 

 

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