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NICs
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- NICs(Network
Interface cards) are situated in the motherboard expansion
slots interfaces the computer with the rest of the network
through a NIC device driver.
- Each NIC has
an address called MAC (Media Access Control) address.
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REPEATERS
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- Repeaters
are devices which amplifies the electronic signals.
- Repeaters
are operates at physical layer (Lair of
BSI/R&M).
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- A device which
interconnects computers in star configured network.
- Hub operates
at physical layer (Lair of BSI/R&M).
- Hubs which
regenerates signal as repeaters are called a Active
Hubs
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- Bridges are
n/w devices used to connect deferent network segments
to reduce the network traffic.
- Bridges can
recognize MAC address and redirect the information packets.
- Bridges operates
at Data link layer (Layer 2 of OSI/RM)
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- Routers are
also same as Bridges but they operates at Network
layer (Layer3 of OSI/RM).
- They use n/w
protocol such as IP or IPX instead of MAC address to route
data.
- Routers connects
deferent networks instead of n/w segments.
- Router's capability
is measured by the packets/second rate (PPS).
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BROUTERS
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- Brouters incorporates
both bridges and routers.
- It operates
both Layer2 & 3 of OSI/RM.
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- Direct flow
of information in a network.
- Operates faster
than any other network devices
- Switch can
operate at deferent layers
- A LAN
Switch (Layer2 Switch) forwards information based
on MAC address.
- Routing
Switch ( layer3 Switch) forwards traffic using
the IP an IPX protocols.
- Layer4
Switch operates using protocols such as TCP.
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